Hello Ygor Rebouças Serpa,
This a really good question thank you for asking. Personally, I do not believe I am fully qualified to answer this question right now, but I will have a look and ask around to see if there is best tips. However, what does come to the top of my mind when you say that you want to give non-data scientist a better idea of DS architecture, i’d say that you should have a look at Team Data Science Project (TDSP) methodology — it’s and agile, iterative method for DS projects and I am sure that the team may of heard of agile so it would not be too unfamiliar to them.
Apologies I cannot give you a fully concrete answer right now, I will update this response in the future when I have better insights, but in the meantime i’d say definitely check out TDSP (I have linked to it below).
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/team-data-science-process/overview
Thank you for the kind remarks, I really did try to get a descriptive image haha.